Emergency Management Agency on ammonia and fluorine mechanism cold system safety inspection points

‌ Xuelong Refrigeration Note: This article is based on the basic requirements of Harbin Emergency Management Bureau, combined with common inspection requirements in other regions, and written according to relevant experience, for users' reference only. With the continuous improvement of national standards, the latest requirements of local emergency management Bureau shall prevail。

A. General inspection points:

First, the operation of refrigeration enterprises, the main person in charge of the performance of duties:
The performance of the duties of the principal person in charge of the enterprise。It mainly includes seven aspects: 1. Establish and improve the safety production responsibility system of the unit;2, organize the formulation of the unit's safety production rules and regulations and operating procedures;3. Organize the formulation and implementation of the unit's safety production education and training plan;4. Ensure the effective implementation of the safety production input of the unit;5. Supervise and inspect the safety work of the unit，Timely elimination of potential production safety accidents;6. Organize the formulation and implementation of the unit's emergency rescue plan for production safety accidents;7, timely and truthfully report production safety accidents。

Second, whether the operation of refrigeration enterprises have "three simultaneous" safety assessment design and acceptance report:
New refrigeration enterprises need to carry out three simultaneous design, acceptance, in the early stage of the project, transformation enterprises need to consult the local emergency management bureau to confirm this requirement or rectification according to the requirements。Three simultaneous safety assessment projects mainly include three aspects: 1. The production and operation unit shall entrust the corresponding qualified design unit to design the safety facilities of the construction project at the same time，Organizational review，Prepare a written report for reference;2. The construction of safety facilities for construction projects of production and operation units shall be carried out by construction units with corresponding qualifications，And the construction of the main project at the same time;3. Before the construction project is completed and put into production or use，The production and business entity shall organize the completion acceptance of the safety facilities，And form a written report for reference。Safety facilities can be put into production and use only after they are completed and accepted。

Third, whether the operating enterprise has security management capital investment:
Security investment situation。It mainly includes four aspects: 1, the production and business units shall ensure the necessary capital investment for safe production in accordance with the provisions of the State;2, in accordance with the provisions of the full withdrawal and use of safety production costs;3, for the provision of labor protection equipment investment;4. Investment in safety education and training。

Fourth, the operation of refrigeration enterprises have a sound safety management system:
The safety management system includes the safety management organization and management personnel, mainly including three aspects: 1, the establishment of safety management organization or equipped with safety management personnel according to law;2, according to the law to set up safety production management agencies or equipped with safety production management personnel。(3) The production safety management organization and the production safety management personnel of the production and business units shall perform the following duties: (1) Organize or participate in the formulation of the production safety rules and regulations, operating procedures and emergency rescue plans for production safety accidents of the unit;(2) Organize or participate in the work safety education and training of the unit，Record the situation of work safety education and training;(3) Supervise and urge the implementation of safety management measures for major hazard sources of the unit;(4) Organize or participate in emergency rescue exercises of the unit;(5) Check the safety production status of the unit，Timely investigation of potential production safety accidents，To put forward suggestions for improving production safety management;(6) To stop and correct illegal commands, forced risky operations, violations of operating rules;(7) Urge the implementation of the unit's safety production rectification measures。

Five, labor protection equipment management:
The management of labor protective articles mainly includes two aspects: 1. Provide employees with labor protective articles that meet national standards or industry standards, and supervise and educate employees to wear and use them in accordance with the rules of use;2, the establishment of labor protection equipment management system。

Vi. Safety management of main enterprise operation and leasing contract:
It mainly includes three aspects: 1. More than two production and business units carry out production and business activities in the same operation area，May endanger the production safety of the other party，A safety production management agreement shall be signed，Clarify their respective responsibilities for production safety management and safety measures that should be taken，And designate full-time safety management personnel for safety inspection and coordination;(2) Production and business units shall not contract or lease production and business projects, sites and equipment to units or individuals that do not have the conditions for safe production or corresponding qualifications;3. Production and business projects or sites are contracted or leased to other units，The production and business operation units shall sign special agreements on production safety management with the contractors and leaseholders，Or in the contract or lease contract to stipulate their respective responsibilities for the administration of production safety;The production and business operation units shall coordinate and manage the work safety of the contractors and leaseholders in a unified manner，Conduct regular safety checks，Found a security problem，Rectification should be urged in time。

7. Labor and training of refrigeration enterprises:
Labor employment and training，It mainly includes two aspects: 1. The production and business units shall truthfully inform the employees of the risk factors, preventive measures and accident emergency measures existing in the workplace and work posts;2. Production and business units shall not enter into agreements with employees in any form，It shall be exempted from or mitigated from the liability it shall bear according to law for the death or injury of employees due to production safety accidents。

Eight, operation safety basic provisions:
Workplace safety，It mainly includes two aspects: 1, the production, operation, storage, use of dangerous goods workshop, shop, warehouse and staff dormitory shall not be in the same building，And should maintain a safe distance from the staff dormitory;(2) Production and business sites and staff dormitories shall be provided with exits that meet emergency evacuation requirements, are clearly marked, and remain unimpeded。It is prohibited to lock or block the exit of the production and business premises or the dormitory of employees。

Nine, refrigeration enterprise major hazard management:
Management of major hazard sources，It mainly includes eleven aspects: 1. Identification of major dangers according to the standard，Whether the maximum design capacity of the system in the 500-meter unit is greater than 10 tons of ammonia storage;(2) Conduct safety assessment or safety assessment of major hazard sources in accordance with the requirements of regulations;3, in accordance with the requirements of major hazard registration and documentation;4. Failure to conduct safety monitoring and monitoring of major hazards in accordance with regulations and relevant standards;5, the development of major hazard accident emergency plan;6. The equipment and facilities in major hazards are not regularly tested and inspected;7. The responsible person or responsible institution of the key device and key position in the major hazard source is not clarified according to the provisions;8, set up obvious safety warning signs in places that constitute major hazards;9. Failure to inform the potentially affected units, regions and personnel of the accident consequences and emergency measures that may be caused by major hazards;10. Establish emergency organization or equip emergency personnel according to regulations，And equipped with necessary protective equipment and equipment, equipment, materials，And ensure its good condition;11. Failure to carry out emergency plan drills for major hazard accidents in accordance with regulations。

In particular: for enterprises involved in ammonia，Identification of major hidden dangers，It mainly includes two aspects: 1, packaging room, division room, product finishing room and other production places with more personnel refrigeration system whether to use ammonia direct evaporation refrigeration system;2. Whether the quick freezing device is set in a separate working room，And whether there are more than 9 workers in the working room。

B. On-site inspection

(1) Ammonia refrigeration enterprises
(1) Location of ammonia refrigeration sites。Mainly includes two aspects: 1, single-storey, multi-storey Class B workshop and civil buildings fire spacing is not less than 25 meters，Not less than 50 meters away from important public buildings，Fire spacing with other buildings should meet safety requirements;2. When the warehouse is adjacent to the refrigeration room, the power distribution office and the control room，Adjacent side wall，Whether at least one firewall exists，The fire resistance limit of the roof is not less than 1.00h。

(2) Safety automatic control system。It mainly includes eight aspects: 1. Whether the ammonia gas concentration alarm instrument is installed in the equipment room using the ammonia refrigeration system, and whether the ammonia gas concentration alarm instrument is installed in the warehouse。Whether the ammonia gas concentration alarm should be rechecked annually by the legal metrological identification institution or manufacturer to ensure safety and effectiveness。2. Whether the gas concentration alarm device is a power supply for the equipment。3, the alarm signal is accurate and timely sent to the scene alarm and manned control room。(4) Whether the combustible gas release source is in a closed or partially ventilated semi-open workshop, and whether a detector is set every 15m, and whether the distance between the detector and any release source within its coverage is less than 7.5m。5. Whether the ammonia refrigeration room is equipped with emergency exhaust fans, and whether the manual start and stop control buttons are installed on the exhaust fan control cabinet in the control room and on the wall outside the refrigeration room door。Whether the emergency exhaust fan in the ammonia refrigeration room is explosion-proof, and whether the exhaust is located on the high side wall or the roof。6, ammonia refrigeration room is set ammonia gas concentration alarm device, when the concentration of ammonia in the air reaches 100ppm or 150ppm, whether to automatically send an alarm signal, and automatically open the accident exhaust fan in the refrigerator room。The ammonia concentration sensor is installed on the top plate of the equipment room above the ammonia refrigeration unit and ammonia storage container。7. Whether the accident exhaust fan is powered by the secondary load, and whether the reliable power supply of the exhaust fan can be ensured when the cooling system is cut off due to the fault and the power supply stops running。8. Whether the ammonia refrigeration room and high and low voltage power distribution room are equipped with emergency lighting, whether the lighting fixtures are explosion-proof, and whether the lighting duration can guarantee 30min。

(3) Compressor Equipment room。It mainly includes five aspects: 1. Whether the control room and the operator's duty room of the ammonia refrigeration machine room are separated from the machine, and whether the fixed and closed observation window is set。2. Whether the partition wall shared by the substation and the ammonia compressor is a firewall, whether the wall only has pipes and channels that pass through the distribution room, and whether non-combustible materials are tightly sealed around the passing part。3. Whether the ammonia refrigeration room is equipped with a control room, the control room can be located on one side of the room。4. Whether ammeter is installed on the starting control cabinet (box) for each ammonia refrigeration compressor unit and each ammonia pump, and whether emergency stop button/switch is installed on the control table of each ammonia refrigeration unit。5, refrigeration compressor coupling or rotating belt is set up safety protection device。

(4) Safety sign。It mainly includes three aspects: 1, whether the wind vane is set in the prominent position of the reservoir area, (in the case of ammonia leakage emergency, personnel should evacuate to the upper wind, snow on freezing notes)。2, the main pressure pipeline and pressure vessel to make obvious identification, marking the name of the pressure pipeline parameters, pressure vessel marked with the use of registration certificate information。3, each cold storage should be set in the obvious location of the site permanent signs, including: 1) the name and address of the installer;2) The name of the refrigerant and the amount of filling;3) the name and filling amount of lubricant;4) System design pressure。

(5) Emergency response system。It mainly includes two aspects: 1, whether the cold storage operation unit establishes the emergency rescue plan and personnel rescue plan for major accidents, and exercises regularly。2. The door of the equipment room is opened outwards, and the number of personnel is ensured to leave quickly in an emergency。

(6) Security protection。It mainly includes five aspects: 1. Whether the water spray system is set above the ammonia storage device in the ammonia compression room of the large cold storage, (and the spray water system should be separately connected to the special water pipeline for fire fighting and the Sheron freezing injection) and the open sprinkler is selected, and the protection area of the open sprinkler is determined according to the area of the ammonia storage device。2, located in the outdoor refrigeration auxiliary equipment whether to set guard rails, whether to set warning signs, high pressure liquid storage is located outside, whether to set measures to avoid direct sun。3, fire extinguishers, anti-gas appliances and rescue drugs and other emergency goods are placed in the position of easy to safely access when dangerous accidents occur, and are kept by special personnel, regular calibration and maintenance。4, the job site is equipped with air breathing apparatus, rubber gloves and other protective equipment and emergency medicine。5, (Sheron refrigeration additional) : Ammonia related enterprise equipment room equipment should be added emergency ammonia drainer, emergency ammonia drainer outlet should be connected to the fire special pool through the pipeline。

(2) Freon and other refrigeration enterprises

(1) Site selection。It mainly includes three aspects: 1. It should meet the requirements of the local overall plan。(2) There should be good sanitary conditions around the warehouse site, and harmful gases, smoke, dust and other pollution sources should be avoided and far away。3, refrigeration room, power distribution office and control room should have a direct outdoor safety exit, the door should be flat and open outwards。

(2) Refrigeration system。It mainly includes nine aspects: 1, the temperature difference between the high-temperature evaporation temperature and the carbon dioxide condensation temperature of the carbon dioxide refrigeration system should be determined according to the economic principle, and should not exceed 5 ° C。2, carbon dioxide refrigeration system operation can not ensure that the working pressure is less than the system design pressure，Auxiliary refrigeration units should be equipped，The temperature difference between the evaporation temperature of the auxiliary refrigeration unit and its controlled carbon dioxide pressure corresponding to the saturation temperature should not be greater than 10℃，The cooling capacity should be greater than the leakage heat of the carbon dioxide system 3, halogenated hydrocarbons and their mixtures, carbon dioxide refrigeration system should be set up refrigerant moisture content display device and desiccant replaceable drying device。4. When halogenated hydrocarbons and their mixtures and carbon dioxide refrigeration equipment are arranged in the warehouse, they should be arranged in the refrigeration equipment room;The layout of refrigeration equipment should comply with the technological process and safety regulations, meet the space requirements for equipment operation, component maintenance, and disassembly, and make full use of the equipment room space to save construction area。5. The installation height difference of refrigerant circulating pump and carbon dioxide refrigerant circulating pump should not be less than the net positive suction head of circulating pump。6. The high pressure side of large and medium-sized refrigeration system should be equipped with an overpressure alarm device;Condenser should be equipped with pressure gauge and safety valve;Water-cooled condenser should be equipped with cooling water cut-off alarm device;Evaporative condenser should be equipped with fan and water pump fault alarm device;In areas where surface water freezes in winter，For water-cooled condenser, evaporative condenser and water-cooled oil cooler, the cooling water should be prevented from freezing，Measures to damage the equipment。7, carbon dioxide, halogenated hydrocarbons and their mixtures refrigeration system relief valve pressure pipe outlet should be arranged in an outdoor safe place, away from doors, Windows, air intake and personnel often stay or frequently used places。8, carbon dioxide refrigeration system safety valve relief pipe resistance should not cause the safety valve release process to produce the failure of the safety valve ice (dry ice)。9, the refrigeration system should be configured with automatic detection system, should be configured with automatic control system, large cold storage and large refrigeration system should be configured with central monitoring and management system。

(3) Electrical protection。It mainly includes five aspects: 1, the interruption of power supply will cause greater economic losses in the cold storage should be powered by two loads, and the interruption of power supply will not cause greater economic losses in the cold storage can be powered by three loads。The national reserve cold storage shall be powered by the secondary load。2. The main power supply circuit of the refrigeration compressor unit, the refrigerant pump, condenser, air cooler circuit and other electrical circuits that need to be measured separately should be set up for power metering。3, each refrigeration compressor unit, production (load) refrigerant pump should be installed on the control box (cabinet) ammeter, refrigeration compressor unit control table should be equipped with an emergency stop button or switch。4. The emergency exhaust fan in the refrigeration room should use a dedicated power supply circuit, and the distribution control box should be set up independently。When the power supply in the chiller room is cut off, the power supply of the emergency exhaust fan should be ensured。The overload protection of the emergency exhaust fan should act on the signal alarm rather than stopping the exhaust fan directly。The refrigerant leakage indicating alarm device should be equipped with a backup power supply。5, using halogenated hydrocarbons and their mixtures and carbon dioxide as the refrigerant, carbon dioxide as the refrigerant in the refrigerator room, power distribution should not be laid in the cable trench, when necessary, can be used to fill the cable trench。

(4) Ventilation detection。It mainly includes four aspects: 1, the use of halogenated hydrocarbons and their mixtures, carbon dioxide as refrigerant，The refrigeration room with carbon dioxide as the secondary refrigerant should be equipped with the corresponding gas concentration indicator and alarm equipment，When the gas concentration of leaking refrigerant in the air reaches the set value，An alarm signal should be sent automatically，Emergency exhaust fans should also be forced to start。Halocarbons, their mixtures, and carbon dioxide detectors should be located in the lower part of the protected space in the refrigeration room。2, using halogenated hydrocarbons and their mixtures, carbon dioxide as the refrigerant, carbon dioxide as the refrigerant refrigeration room should be set up emergency exhaust device, exhaust air exchange times should not be less than 12 times /h, the number of exhaust fans should not be less than 2。3. Emergency exhaust devices should be set up between the refrigeration equipment room and the valve station in the warehouse, and the number of exhaust air and air change should not be less than 12 times /h。4. The transformer and distribution room should be equipped with a mechanical exhaust system, and the number of exhaust air changes should not be less than 15 times /h。

Extended reading:Emergency Management Agency protocols and national standards for the safe use of cold storage